By David Nicolle
The army Order of Teutonic Knights was once one of many 3 most renowned Crusading Orders; the others being the Templars and the Hospitallers. Like those , the Teutonic Knights before everything concentrated upon the upkeep of the Crusader States within the heart East. Wielding their swords within the identify in their religion, the crusading knights got down to reclaim Jerusalem. not like the Templars they survived the crises of identification and function which the lack of the final Crusader mainland enclaves within the overdue 13th century and, just like the Hospitallers, they controlled to create a brand new function - and a brand new box of strive against - for themselves. while the Hospitallers concentrated their energies within the japanese Mediterranean combating opposed to Muslim armies, the Teutonic Knights shifted their efforts to the Baltic, to the so-called Northern Crusades opposed to pagan Prussians and Lithuanians and, to a lesser volume, opposed to Orthodox Christian Russia. accordingly the Order of Teutonic Knights grew to become an important energy, not just within the Baltic yet in north-central Europe as a complete. mockingly, in spite of the fact that, it used to be their fellow Catholic Christian Polish neighbours who grew to become their most deadly foes, breaking the Order's energy within the mid-fifteenth century. The Teutonic Knights lingered on in what are actually Estonia and Latvia for an additional century, yet this used to be little greater than a feeble afterglow. This identify will study this attention-grabbing army and spiritual order intimately, revealing the vibrant background of the crusades inside of Europe itself which inexorably replaced the way forward for the continent.
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On 22 January, Agedabia was taken. In the following days, two attempts to pocket sizable enemy forces in the AntelatSaunnu area failed as the German forces were too weak, and their intention had been recognized at an early stage. However, large quantities of materiel were captured in a surprise raid on Msus. The Italian Supreme Command approved an advance as far as Agedabia-but not beyond that point. It feared reverses that might again endanger the Italian infantry divisions because of their lack of mobility.
B. From early 1942 on, all infantry units were also assigned antitank guns, since tank warfare is the deciding factor in desert warfare, where the antitank gun becomes of even greater importance to the infantry than the machine gun. 2-mm antitank guns was never achieved. c. Types I and II tanks, some of which were armed with machine guns and some with ZO-mm guns, were withdrawn after the summer of 1941 and replaced by Type III tanks, which had 50-mm guns. These, again, were replaced after the winter of 1941-42 by Type IV tanks, which had 75-mm guns.
4) Improvement of the medical services, which had hitherto necessarily been neglected. 35 (5) Overhauling and maintenance of arms, equipment, and vehicles. The following is pertinent to the activity during these months: (1) All attempts to reduce frontage and thereby strengthen the enveloping line failed, since the Italian troops, by whom the greater part of the line was held, were not able to withstand counterattacks by the British. (2) The reinforcement of the artillery forces was pressed forward vigorously; for this purpose, a special artillery commander was assigned.
