By Clive Archer
Making often complex concepts easily comprehended, this e-book enables the reader to fast construct an effective and well-rounded understanding of the EU's historical past and current, covering: key debates on Europe the ambiguous courting with the USA the EU's inner and exterior actions constitution and associations destiny developments and new directions.
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Additional info for The European Union (Routledge Global Institutions)
Sample text
34 Institutions and processes At the start of the life of the European Communities, the normal pattern was that the Commission sent proposals to the Council which decided whether to accept or reject or send them back for re-consideration. The European Parliament (or Assembly, as it was then called) had a consultative role. As long as most of the European Communities’ legislation was technical and limited to a few areas, such as agriculture and trade that directly involved a relatively small part of the population, such a system of interplay between the technocratic Commission and state-based Council seemed appropriate.
Bretherton reportedly left the six ministers with this advice: 24 A brief history of European integration the future Treaty which you are discussing a) has no chance of being agreed; b) if it was agreed, it would have no chance of being ratified; c) and if it were ratified, it would have no chance of being applied. And . . if it were applied, it would be totally unacceptable to Britain. You speak of agriculture, which we don’t like, of power over customs, which we take exception to and of institutions which horrifies us .
The clipping of Commission’s wings by President de Gaulle of France and the ‘‘Eurosclerosis’’ of the 1970s (see Chapter 2, p. 48), meant that the neo-functionalist writers had to tone down their expectations. ’’18 The EC’s institutions were just about keeping their heads above water. With the Single European Act of 1986 and the move to a Single European Market by 1992, as well as the move to the EU, the neofunctionalist ideas made something of a comeback. 20 Neo-functionalist explanations of European integration have a number of shortcomings.
