By J. A. A. Stockwin
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Extra info for The Japanese Socialist Party and Neutralism: A Study of a Political Party and Its Foreign Policy
Example text
The discrepancy between the statements of American authorities in early and in late 1 949 (mentioned above) laid American policy open to the accusation that her only interest in Japan was the creation of a base against the further spread of communism in the Far East. The fear expressed by a socialist in 1 946 that a neutral Japan might be turned into a battleground in a war between foreigners was thus projected into the situation of a possible anti-communist pact with the United States. The rationale of a neutralist Japan was set out by a leading socialist, Suzuki Mosabur6, in the official socialist newspaper in October 1 949.
The defeat of capitalism', said Sakisaka Itsuro, a leading Rono-ha intellectual, 'would remove the main causes of war. If the whole world became socialist . . '17 Third, dependence on the communist powers was rejected on grounds that at first sight may seem less straightforward. Few in Japan saw the new regime in China as a military threat, and left wing socialists could welcome the new leaders there as fellow socialists in a country which had close cultural and historical ties with Japan. The Soviet Union was also regarded by them with more admiration than apprehension.
On the outbreak of war in Korea, General MacArthur authorized the formation of a 'Police Reserve' of 75,ooo men and an increase of 8,ooo in the size of the existing Maritime Safety Force. This move was prompted by a wave of violence attributed to communists (the Cominform had criticized the Communist Party in January I 950 for its previous moderation) and by the withdrawal of most of the American troops in Japan for service in Korea. Although the Police Reserve was only designed to maintain internal order and was clearly inadequate to defend Japan against external aggression, its creation set off a nationwide discussion of the merits of rearmament.
