By Albrecht Unsöld, Bodo Baschek, R. C. Smith, Carl A. Hein (auth.)
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7, upper right); a star in the ecliptic moves to and fro in aline; in between, a star describes the appropriate ellipse. Usually, one illustrates aberration by the analogy of an astronomer who hurries along carrying an umbrella through vertically falling rain. This demonstration, as weIl as our elementary explanation of the Doppler effect, is open to criticism because it does not take account of the principle that the light speed is independent of the motion of the source. A consistent interpretation of all effects, and the first to agree to order (V/C)2 with the experiments of Michelson and others, was first given by A.
Greatest brightness occurs near maximum elongation. Motions of inner and outer planets 25 morning star. At superior conjunction Venus is at its furthest distance from the Earth and is again dose to the Sun in the sky. It then moves further away and reaches its greatest easterly elongation of 48° as an evening star. The ratio of the orbital radii of Venus and the Earth is determined by the maximum elongation of ± 48°, and in the case of Mercury ± 28°. The phases of Venus and the corresponding changes in its apparent diameter (from 9':9 to 64':5) were discovered by Galileo with his telescope.
The plane of the Moon's orbit has an inclination i = 5° to the plane of the Earth's orbit (ecliptic). The Moon rises "above" the ecliptic from south to north at the ascending node, and passes "below" the ecliptic (in the sense of dwellers in the northern hemisphere) at the descending node. 85 years. 61 years, the so-called nutation period. This regression of the nodes causes among other things a corresponding "nodding" ofthe Earth up to a maximum of9", the nutation ofthe Earth's axis already mentioned.
