By William E. Gienapp
The 1850s observed in the US the breakdown of the Jacksonian social gathering procedure within the North and the emergence of a brand new sectional party--the Republicans--that succeeded the Whigs within the nation's two-party procedure. This enormous paintings makes use of demographic, vote casting, and different statistical research in addition to the extra conventional equipment and assets of political historical past to track the realignment of yank politics within the 1850s and the beginning of the Republican social gathering. Gienapp powerfully demonstrates that the association of the Republican celebration used to be a tricky, advanced, and long method and explains why, even after an inauspicious starting, it eventually turned a powerful political strength. The learn additionally finds the an important position of ethnocultural components within the cave in of the second one get together method and carefully analyzes the fight among nativism and antislavery for political dominance within the North. the quantity concludes with the decisive triumph of the Republican celebration over the rival American social gathering within the 1856 presidential election. Far-reaching in scope but precise in research, this is often the definitive paintings at the formation of the Republican social gathering in antebellum the USA.
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In short, to understand the impact of religion on contemporary American politics, we need a theory of party politics that explains its relationship to religious and cultural divisions in society. Second, research needs to examine the relationship between religion and party politics over a series of elections. Most research on religion and politics relies on data collected at one point in time or over a rather small number of years. It provides a snapshot of the relationship between religion and political behavior.
To produce a significant change in the social composition of the parties’ coalitions, an issue must cut across the existing lines of partisan cleavage, dividing voters along social and ideological lines that are different from those of the current alignment (Schattschneider 1960; Sundquist 1983; MacDonald and Rabinowitz 1987; Carmines and Stimson 1989; Carmines 1991). The Religious–Cultural Cleavage and Its Related Issues The contemporary cultural conflict is a powerful and highly emotional struggle.
Cuts Across Existing Lines of Partisan Cleavage There are many conflicts that arouse strong feelings among a large number of people but do not create a substantial change in the party system. They do not foster partisan change because they reenforce the existing party coalitions; they divide the electorate along the same lines as the issues that produced the current partisan alignment. In recent years, for example, new issues such as reform of the welfare system and govern- 01 layman chap01 2/27/01 10:47 AM Page 31 Explaining Religious Change in the Party System / 31 ment provision of health care have captured the attention of the American public and have been the source of highly emotional political debates.
