By Alfred A. Cave
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Extra info for The Pequot War (Native Americans of the Northeast)
Example text
But, as I will seek to demonstrate in the first chapter of this study, the Puritan view of Indian character and, by extension, their misgivings about Pequot intentions were the outgrowth of beliefs that not only were not formulated on the spot to justify the Pequot War but, in their broad outlines, long predated the founding of the Puritan colonies. The New England Puritans' concept of savagery as a manifestation of the Devil in history and their suspicion that the history of God's people in the wilderness would be marked by recurrent conflicts with the Devil's minions had deep roots.
The security of the English colonies in North America, Smith warned, could not be based on goodwill but must instead be maintained by force. Colonists, he admonished, must inspire in the Indians a "greate fear" or perish at their hands. " The founders of Puritan New England, as we shall see, made that maxim a guiding principle of their Indian policy. 4 As the Jamestown settlers struggled with their fears of a satanic presence in the wilderness, Englishmen at home perused a popular survey of world geography written by George Abbot, future archbishop of Canterbury, that claimed that the natives of the Americas were worshipers of "vile spirits" and regularly engaged in incest, sodomy, witchcraft, and cannibalism.
But experience did not alter the Puritans' assessment of Indian character. While promotional tracts published to encourage immigration to the New World often described Native Americans as "gentle and loving," English colonists in the early contact period were far more inclined to see them as sinister and menacing. William Bradford, for example, believed that, shortly after his party had landed on Cape Cod in the late fall of 1620, the "savages" had assembled in a "dark and dismal swamp" and for three days and three nights had labored, through fearful conjurations, to raise the devil.
