By Timothy Maxwell Gouldstone (auth.)
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Extra resources for The Rise and Decline of Anglican Idealism in the Nineteenth Century
Sample text
Put at its simplest, idealism is a broad term for a philosophical movement that defines ultimate reality as mental or ‘spiritual’ rather than physical; the mind and spiritual values are more fundamental than material ones. Bishop Berkeley (1685–1753) maintained that nothing could be known to exist or did exist except as ideas in the mind of the percipient; in Berkeley’s famous phrase, esse est percipi (‘To be is to be perceived’). Although Berkeley preferred the term ‘immaterialism’ for his theory, subsequent generations favoured the term ‘idealism’.
I am weary of the word. ’22 This fervent evangelistic creed must be spread abroad, but in what way could this urgent task be carried out? Coleridge coined the term ‘clerisy’ for those who would provide the necessary leaven for a needy society. The purpose of this group of elitist enlightened souls, who in some ways resembled Plato’s ‘guardians’, was to maintain social cohesion and to create a society in which the rampant and ever-spreading discoveries of science and technology would be held in check by a positive desire to preserve the best of the past.
Whewell is important not so much for his own deductions about Fundamental Ideas, but for his recognition that science is not just pure induction from observation. Thus he could 34 Anglican Idealism in the Nineteenth Century dissociate science from undue reliance on empiricism, and extend the range of necessary truths from mathematics to the physical world. ” ’36 Also, Whewell was one of the ‘Cambridge Network’ which we have seen was concentrated at Trinity College and included the geologist Adam Sedgewick, Julius Hare, Frederick Maurice and Connop Thirlwall.
