By Peter C. Meilaender
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Nowhere, however, does he tell us how they can be differentiated or why they should be distinguished. 23 Reflection on the two principles that Gibney recommends as rules for immigration policy, the Harm Principle and the Basic Rights Principle (which he calls the HP and the BRP), confirms the suspicion that his balancing act tilts in the direction of significantly more open immigration. The Harm Principle holds, first, that “individuals have a duty not to harm others,” and, second, that “those who have caused harm have a special duty of restitution to the victims of this harm” (80).
The argument that I shall develop in the following chapters, by contrast, might appropriately be thought of as an attempt to provide an explicit and coherent defense of what Whelan describes, without defense, as a reasonable compromise between competing but more coherent extremes. Indeed, it is only within the context of an intellectual debate already skewed heavily against the claims of the nation-state that Gibney’s argument appears as moderate as it does. ’” 28 Or Onora O’Neill’s claims that “actual boundaries are often impediments to justice,” that an “account of just borders which takes account of these issues .
Yet this particular example pushes us beyond mere individual psychological eccentricities toward larger cultural variables that escape the push-pull categories. For the desire of people to explore new lands can doubtless be influenced by a more general cultural environment of interest in different, far-away places. ”53 Interest in foreign cultures did not stem, of course, only from Christian humanitarian concern: it was prompted also by pure curiosity and the keen scientific interest of an enlightened age that was eager to experience anything that was novel or unfamiliar.
