By Christoph Dyroff
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Since different transport processes leave different isotopic signatures of the water vapor (as will be discussed below), the measurement of the isotopic composition of water in an air-mass can significantly improve our understanding of both the origin and the type of transport of this air-mass. Isotope fractionation effects The isotopic ratio R of a certain compound is generally expressed as the ratio of the less abundant isotopologue to the most abundant isotopologue. , 2003]. 21) where R = H218 O/H216 O denotes the ratio of the mixing ratios of H218 O and H216 O.
2005]. Isotopic ratios of atmospheric water vapor should always be given relative to VSMOW, even though the use of working standards with different isotopic composition is possible (and more convenient). , by mass spectrometry. In the present dissertation, two working standards have been used; (a) melt water from an antarctic ice-core (AIC-48), and (b) local ground-water (GW-9). Both standards have been measured in terms of their isotopic composition by mass spectrometry [Wagenbach, 2008], and their isotopic composition is also listed in Tab.
1964], where the laser beam is reflected between two spherical mirrors. Depicted is a spot pattern for 82 passes within the cell. For this configuration, the spots form a circle on the mirror surface. The numbers indicate the number of the respective reflection on the rear mirror. (b) Multipass cell approach by McManus et al. [1995] that comprises two astigmatic mirrors. The spots on the mirrors form a Lissajous pattern, and it is generally possible to reach a higher number of passes per unit volume.
